\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u53c8\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u8d77\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u751f\u7269\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff09\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u662fRNA\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u672c\u8d28<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u662fRNA\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u90e8\u4f4d\uff1a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\u90e8\u4f4d\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u6216\u4f53\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff084\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff085\uff09\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\uff1a\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9176\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5e95\u7269\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u6e29\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6e29\u5ea6\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u767e\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9176\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n
1.\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n
\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u65e0\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u9ad8108\uff5e1020\u500d\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6548\u7387\u9ad8107\uff5e1013\u500d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\uff08activation energy\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027<\/p>\n
\u9176\u5bf9\u5176\u6240\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0c\u5e38\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a\u9176\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u6216\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\uff08specificity\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9176\u5bf9\u5e95\u7269\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u7edd\u5bf9\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff08absolute specifictity\uff09\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u9176\u53ea\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u4e00\u79cd\u5e95\u7269\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u5982\u8132\u9176\u53ea\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u5c3f\u7d20\u6c34\u89e3\u6210NH3\u548cCO2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50ac\u5316\u7532\u57fa\u5c3f\u7d20\u6c34\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u76f8\u5bf9\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff08relative specificity\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u9176\u53ef\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u5982\u8102\u80aa\u9176\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6c34\u89e3\u8102\u80aa\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6c34\u89e3\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u916f\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09\u7acb\u4f53\u5f02\u6784\u7279\u5f02\u6027\uff08stereopecificity\uff09\uff1a\u9176\u5bf9\u5e95\u7269\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u6784\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7acb\u4f53\u5f02\u6784\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u5982L-\u4e73\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u53ea\u80fd\u662fL\u578b\u4e73\u9178\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662fD\u578b\u4e73\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u8c03\u8282\u6027<\/p>\n
\u7269\u8d28\u4ee3\u8c22\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u4e8e\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6709\u6761\u4e0d\u7d0a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u4e2d\u3002\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u8c03\u63a7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u548c\u963b\u904f\u3001\u9176\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4fee\u9970\u3001\u9176\u7684\u53d8\u6784\u8c03\u8282\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u4f53\u6db2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u7b49\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f53\u5185\u7269\u8d28\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/p>\n
\u9176\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u9176\u4fc3\u53cd\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684pH\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u7b49\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f3a\u9178\u3001\u5f3a\u78b1\u3001\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u3001\u91cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u3001\u5267\u70c8\u9707\u8361\u7b49\u4efb\u4f55\u4f7f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u7406\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u4f7f\u9176\u53d8\u6027\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u50ac\u5316\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6309\u7167\u9176\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u6210\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9176\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u7c7b<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u5355\u7eaf\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u9176<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u9176\u53ea\u662f\u80bd\u94fe\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e0d\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6709\u4e9b\u9176\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u80f0\u817a\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u9176\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u9176\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u9176<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u9176\u9664\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u975e\u86cb\u8d28\u7c7b\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u975e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u9176\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u8131\u8f85\u9176\uff0c\u975e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u90e8\u5206\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u8131\u8f85\u9176\u4e0e\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u540e\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u7269\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u9176\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u9176=\u8131\u8f85\u9176+\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8131\u8f85\u9176\u548c\u8f85\u56e0\u5b50\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5404\u81ea\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5747\u65e0\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8131\u8f85\u9176\u90e8\u5206\u51b3\u5b9a\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u8f85\u9176\uff08\u8f85\u57fa\uff09\u5728\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8d77\u7740\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u57fa\u56e2\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8f85\u9176\u662f\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u6216\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9176\u7684\u547d\u540d\u548c\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u4e60\u60ef\u547d\u540d\u6cd5<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u9176\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u88ab\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u9176\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5e95\u7269\u4e0e\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u9176\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\u5e95\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u9176\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6700\u540eph\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u5e95\u7269\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u540d\u6cd5<\/p>\n
\u5e94\u6807\u660e\u5e95\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9176\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5e95\u7269\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7528\uff08\uff1a\uff09\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u4e60\u60ef\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u8c37\u4e19\u8f6c\u6c28\u9176\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u540d\u79f0\uff1aL-\u4e19\u6c28\u9178\uff1aa-\u916e\u620a\u4e8c\u9178\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u8f6c\u79fb\u9176\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u7f16\u53f7<\/p>\n
1961\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4f1a\u9176\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u9176\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6309\u53cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u5c06\u9176\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u9176\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u9176\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6c34\u89e3\u9176\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u88c2\u5408\u9176\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5f02\u6784\u9176\u7c7b\uff1b<\/p>\n
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