\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u9002\u5408\u751f\u7269\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u3001\u6c34\u5708\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u548c\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u53ef\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u7ea7\uff0c\u5982\u9646\u5730\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u68ee\u6797\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521d\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\uff08biosphere\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u51e1\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u8868\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u53ca\u5176\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u884c\u661f\u5730\u7403\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5708\u5c42\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u3001\u6c34\u5708\u5927\u90e8\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea610000\u7c73\u81f3\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b10000\u7c73\u5904\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u5e95\u90e8\uff08\u53ef\u98de\u7fd4\u7684\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3001\u6606\u866b\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff08\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u7269\u7684\u201c\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6c34\u5708\u7684\u5168\u90e8\uff08\u8ddd\u79bb\u6d77\u5e73\u9762150\u7c73\u5185\u7684\u6c34\u5c42\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u9633\u5149\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\u3001\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u7269\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5730\u8868\u4ee5\u4e0a100\u7c73\u5230\u6c34\u4e0b100\u7c73\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u3001\u6c34\u5708\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u5708\u7b49\u5708\u5c42\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8d77\u6e90<\/p>\n
\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7ea638\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u7403\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u84dd\u85fb\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5149\u80fd\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u517b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u521d\u671f\u6f14\u5316<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u7ea624\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u539f\u59cb\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u9010\u6e10\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u9010\u6e10\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u548c\u9646\u5730\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6027\u6f14\u5316<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5730\u7403\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea65.4\u4ebf\u5e74\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7206\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u5bd2\u6b66\u7eaa\u751f\u7269\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u8155\u8db3\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u8f6f\u4f53\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u8282\u80a2\u52a8\u7269\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5feb\u901f\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u8fdb\u5316\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u9c7c\u7c7b\u3001\u4e24\u6816\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u722c\u884c\u52a8\u7269\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
4. \u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316<\/p>\n
\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53e4\u751f\u4ee3\u3001\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\u548c\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u751f\u4ee3\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u79cd\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u548c\u6606\u866b\u7b49\u9646\u5730\u751f\u7269\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u751f\u4ee3\uff0c\u6050\u9f99\u7b49\u5de8\u578b\u52a8\u7269\u7e41\u76db\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\uff0c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u751f\u7269\u5708\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4eca\u719f\u6089\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ece\u80fd\u91cf\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7ef4\u6301\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u8d56\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u3001\u6c34\u5708\u548c\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u5206\u89e3\u8005\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u6781\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63a5\u901a\u4e86\u4ece\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u5230\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u518d\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u91cd\u65b0\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u56de\u8def\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5708\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5708\u8d56\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u690d\u7269\u52a0\u5f3a\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u5438\u6536\uff1b\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7edd\u706d\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u4e2d\u8d77\u76f8\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u67d0\u79cd\u690d\u98df\u6027\u52a8\u7269\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u5929\u654c\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u8c01\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8981\u9886\u662f\u7531\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f11\u65af\uff08E.Suess\uff09\u57281875\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6709\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ea610000\u7c73\u81f3\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7684\u8981\u9886\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6709\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u5c45\u4f4f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0b11000\u7c73\u5904\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\uff0c\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u571f\u58e4\u5708\u548c\u6c34\u5708\u3002\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u751f\u5b58\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u9646\u5730\u4e4b\u4e0a\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5404\u7ea6100 m\u539a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u5730\u7403\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u7403\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5c31\u6bd4\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u8fd8\u8981\u8584\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u751f\u7269\u754c\u4e0e\u6c34\u5708\u3001\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u53ca\u5ca9\u77f3\u5708\uff08\u571f\u5708\uff09\u957f\u671f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5708\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u6765\u81ea\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5145\u8db3\u5149\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6765\u6e90\u662f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u690d\u7269\u5438\u6536\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u6709\u673a\u7269\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u751f\u7269\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u88ab\u751f\u7269\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5168\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6c34\u5206\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6c34\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n
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