\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u53f7\u5b9e\u79cb\uff0c\u5b57\u4f69\u5f26\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6563\u6587\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u8457\u4f5c20\u4f59\u79cd\uff0c\u7ea6200\u4e07\u5b57\u3002\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u751f\u5e73\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u6ce2\u6298\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u7b80\u4ecb\u53ca\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\uff081898-1948\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u81ea\u534e\uff0c\u53f7\u79cb\u5b9e\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u540d\u81ea\u6e05\uff0c\u5b57\u4f69\u5f26\u3002\u539f\u7c4d\u6d59\u6c5f\u7ecd\u5174\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u6c5f\u82cf\u4e1c\u6d77\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u300a\u5bfb\u671d\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8e2a\u8ff9\u300b\u3001\u300a\u80cc\u5f71\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6b27\u6e38\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f60\u6211\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7cbe\u8bfb\u6307\u5bfc\u4e3e\u9685\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7565\u8bfb\u6307\u5bfc\u4e3e\u9685\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4f26\u90ed\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u3001\u300a\u56fd\u6587\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7ecf\u5178\u5e38\u8c08\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bd7\u8a00\u5fd7\u8fa8\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65b0\u8bd7\u6742\u8bdd\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u5c3a\u5ea6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bed\u6587\u62fe\u96f6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8bba\u96c5\u4fd7\u5171\u8d4f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u7269\u751f\u5e73\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u65e9\u5e74\u65f6\u5149<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\uff0c1898\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6c5f\u82cf\u4e1c\u6d77\u53bf\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5c0f\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5584\u826f\u3001\u52e4\u52b3\u3001\u5584\u89e3\u4eba\u610f\u3002\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u751f\u6d3b\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6b22\u4e50\u4e0e\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5173\u7231\u4e0b\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u539a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u718f\u9676\u4e0b\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u9605\u8bfb\u5404\u79cd\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u559c\u6b22\u53e4\u5178\u8bd7\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bd7\u8bcd\u624d\u534e\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u5c31\u5df2\u663e\u9732\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8001\u5e08\u548c\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u79f0\u8d5e\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u5c81\u6708<\/p>\n
1916\u5e74\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u8003\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\u73ed\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u8ba8\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u6df1\u611f\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u631a\u7231\u2014\u2014\u9648\u7af9\u9690\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u800c\u806a\u660e\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8ba9\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u7d27\u7d27\u76f8\u4f9d\u3002\u5728\u9648\u7af9\u9690\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u751f\u6daf\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u5c31<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u624d\u534e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5c55\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8bd7\u610f\u548c\u54f2\u7406\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u8bfb\u8005\u559c\u7231\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u8377\u5858\u6708\u8272\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u6563\u6587\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u6e05\u534e\u56ed\u8377\u5858\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u5fe7\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u6563\u6587\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u8fd8\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u548c\u5267\u672c\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u611f\u60c5\u771f\u631a\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u97f5\u5f8b\u611f\uff1b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5219\u4ee5\u63cf\u5199\u7ec6\u817b\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\u9c9c\u660e\u89c1\u957f\uff1b\u4ed6\u7684\u5267\u672c\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u56f0\u82e6\u4e0e\u6323\u624e<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8def\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u5e06\u98ce\u987a\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6c11\u4e0d\u804a\u751f\u3002\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u867d\u7136\u6df1\u53d7\u4eba\u4eec\u559c\u7231\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u9677\u5165\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u9965\u997f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u4f9d\u7136\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u6587\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ef\u6551\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65ad\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6597\u5fd7\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5c81\u6708<\/p>\n
1948\u5e74\uff0c\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u56e0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u80c3\u6e83\u75a1\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7450\u5c81\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u7b14\u8015\u4e0d\u8f8d\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u51ac\u5929\u300b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5173\u6000\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u79bb\u4e16\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u6df1\u611f\u60b2\u75db\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5199\u4e0b\u60bc\u5ff5\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8d5e\u626c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u9648\u7af9\u9690\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u6587\u6743\u800c\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1f\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u5199\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u62a8\u51fb\u9ed1\u6697\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6563\u6587\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u300a\u751f\u547d\u4ef7\u683c\uff0d\uff0d\u4e03\u6bdb\u94b1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u767d\u79cd\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9a84\u5b50\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6267\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u8bb0\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u662f\u4ee5\u300a\u80cc\u5f71\u300b\u3001\u300a\u513f\u5973\u300b\u3001\u300a\u60bc\u4ea1\u5987\u300b\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u6563\u6587\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8981\u63cf\u5199\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u592b\u59bb\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u4f26\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4ee5\u5199\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u501f\u666f\u6292\u60c5\u7684\u5c0f\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4f73\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u7eff\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6868\u58f0\u706f\u5f71\u91cc\u7684\u79e6\u6dee\u6cb3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8377\u5858\u6708\u8272\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u6563\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u5199\u5f97\u6700\u51fa\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300a\u80cc\u5f71\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8377\u5858\u6708\u8272\u300b\u66f4\u662f\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u540d\u7bc7\u3002\u5176\u6563\u6587\u7d20\u6734\u7f1c\u5bc6\u3001\u6e05\u96bd\u6c89\u90c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bed\u8a00\u6d17\u70bc\uff0c\u6587\u7b14\u6e05\u4e3d\u7740\u79f0\uff0c\u6781\u5bcc\u6709\u771f\u60c5\u5b9e\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6731\u81ea\u6e05\u7684\u5341\u5927\u7ecf\u5178\u540d\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8fd9\u5e74\u5934\u4eba\u4eec\u884c\u4e50\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u7b49\u5230\u9022\u5e74\u8fc7\u8282\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u5e74\u60c5\u8282\u666f\u4e00\u56de\u56de\u5730\u6de1\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u50cf\u4ece\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u70ed\u72c2\u5730\u671f\u5f85\u7740\uff0c\u70ed\u72c2\u5730\u53d7\u7528\u7740\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6015\u53ea\u5728\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4ece\u6b64\u6211\u4e0d\u518d\u4ef0\u8138\u770b\u9752\u5929\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f4e\u5934\u770b\u767d\u6c34\uff0c\u53ea\u8c28\u614e\u7740\u6211\u53cc\u53cc\u7684\u811a\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u8e0f\u5728\u6ce5\u571f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6253\u4e0a\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u811a\u5370\uff01\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7167\u9053\u7406\u8863\u98df\u8db3\u518d\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u53e4\u7269\u4e0d\u7b97\u665a\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u665a\u4e86\u4e5f\u53ea\u597d\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u8863\u98df\u603b\u662f\u6839\u672c\u3002\u300a\u6587\u6b66\u00b7\u65e7\u4e66\u00b7\u6bdb\u7b14\u300b\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1b\u4f60\u82e5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5c3d\u7ed9\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u5bf9\u4e8e\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u96be\u8fc7\uff0c\u597d\u5728\u5929\u65e0\u7edd\u4eba\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u767d\u5929\u91cc\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u53ef\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u72ec\u5904\u7684\u5999\u5904\uff1b\u6211\u4e14\u53d7\u7528\u8fd9\u65e0\u8fb9\u7684\u8377\u9999\u6708\u8272\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
7\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u975e\u5e38\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6731\u81ea\u6e05<\/p>\n
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