\u6838\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5b83\u5206\u4e3a\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09\u548c\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff08RNA\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5355\u4f53\u805a\u5408\u6210\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u662f\u7531\u54ea\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u78f7\u9178\u3001\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\u3001\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u548c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u4e3a\u78b1\u6027\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u56fa\u5b9a\u7cd6\u7c7b\u53ca\u78f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u78f7\u8102\u591a\u7cd6\u53ca\u6838\u7cd6\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cd6\uff08\u591a\u7cd6\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u800c\u5206\u4e3aRNA\u3001DNA\u3001mRNA\u3001tRNA\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7531\u7cd6\u7c7b\uff0c\u78f7\u9178\u4ee5\u53ca\u78b1\u57fa\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u591a\u80bd\u3002\u591a\u80bd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u9176\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u5f97\u591a\u80bd\u53d1\u6325\u5404\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u751f\u7269\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u3002\u6838\u9178\u7531\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5355\u4f53\u7531\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u57fa\u548c\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\u662f\u6838\u7cd6\uff0c\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u662fRNA\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\u662f\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\uff0c\u5219\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7269\u662fDNA\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28<\/p>\n
\u9178\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u5728\u5f3a\u9178\u548c\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u6838\u9178\u5b8c\u5168\u6c34\u89e3\u4e3a\u78b1\u57fa\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u6216\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u3002\u5728\u6d53\u5ea6\u7565\u7a00\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u9178\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6613\u6c34\u89e3\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u560c\u5464\u548c\u6838\u7cd6\u7684\u7cd6\u82f7\u952e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8131\u560c\u5464\u6838\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n
\u78b1\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u5f53pH\u503c\u8d85\u51fa\u751f\u7406\u8303\u56f4\uff08pH7~8\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9DNA\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u78b1\u6548\u5e94\u4f7f\u78b1\u57fa\u7684\u4e92\u53d8\u5f02\u6784\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u78b1\u57fa\u95f4\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5bfc\u81f4DNA\u53cc\u94fe\u7684\u89e3\u79bb\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aDNA\u7684\u53d8\u6027\u3002pH\u8f83\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u5728RNA\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u88abRNA\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u6c34\u89e3\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u591f\u4f7fDNA\u6216RNA\u5728\u4e2d\u6027pH\u4e0b\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u7531\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u758f\u6c34\u78b1\u57fa\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6838\u9178\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u5219\u6838\u9178\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u548c\u5ef6\u7f13\u8870\u8001<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3001\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6838\u9178\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u673a\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u673a\u4f53\u8870\u8001\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u5c81\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5408\u6210\u6838\u9178\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f53\u5185\u6838\u9178\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e5f\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u6838\u9178\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4eba\u4f53\u6bcf\u5929\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5730\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5fae\u5f31\u8f90\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u7167\u5c04\uff0c\u65e5\u79ef\u6708\u7d2f\u4fbf\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u6838\u9178\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8eab\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8001\u5316\u3002\u5982\u4e0d\u53ca\u65e9\u9632\u8870\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9ed1\u6591\u3001\u76b1\u7eb9\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u7c97\u7cd9\u3001\u89c6\u529b\u51cf\u9000\u548c\u5065\u5fd8\u7b49\u8001\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8c\uff1a\u52a0\u901f\u7ec6\u80de\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6444\u53d6\u6838\u9178\u542b\u91cf\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u6ecb\u6da6\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5149\u6ed1\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u9ed1\u6591\u3001\u76b1\u7eb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u6062\u590d\u7c97\u9ed1\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u547c\u5438\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6838\u9178\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u9ad8\u8840\u538b\u3001\u52a8\u8109\u786c\u5316\u3001\u8111\u4e2d\u98ce\u3001\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u3001\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u7b49\u6210\u4eba\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u7528\u4e09\uff1a\u7ef4\u6301\u673a\u4f53\u6b63\u5e38\u514d\u75ab<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u6838\u9178\u5bf9\u673a\u4f53\u5404\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6700\u654f\u611f\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f53\u5185\u53ef\u5408\u6210\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u996e\u98df\u6216\u4f4e\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u996e\u98df\u914d\u65b9\u9972\u5582\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u81f4\u75c5\u83cc\u5c31\u53ef\u4f7f\u5176\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u662f\u7531\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u957f\u94fe<\/p>\n
1.\u6838\u9178\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u6709C\uff0cH\uff0cO\uff0cN\uff0cP\u4e94\u79cd<\/p>\n
2.\u6838\u9178\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7531\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u4e94\u78b3\u7cd6\uff0c\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\u548c\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u78f7\u9178\u7ec4\u6210\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\uff1aA\uff08\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff09\uff0cG\uff08\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\uff09\uff0cC\uff08\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff09\uff0cT\uff08\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff09\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u542b\u6c2e\u78b1\u57fa\uff1aA\uff08\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff09\uff0cG\uff08\u9e1f\u560c\u5464\uff09\uff0cC\uff08\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff09\uff0cU\uff08\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u6838\u9178\u4e0e\u6838\u82f7\u9178<\/p>\n
\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u662f\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3a\u6838\u9178\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\u6838\u9178\u662f\u5927\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u201c\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u201d\u548c\u201c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n
4.\u6838\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u7279\u5f02\u6027<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09\u6838\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u6210DNA\u7684\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u6210\u957f\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09\u6838\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u6027<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2aDNA\u5206\u5b50\u76844\u79cd\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8131\u6c27\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/p>\n
\u6838\u9178\u6700\u65e9\u4e8e1869\u5e74\u7531\u745e\u58eb\u533b\u751f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u5206\u79bb\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aNuclein\u3002<\/p>\n
\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c1910\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u79d1\u585e\u5c14\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7eaf\u5316\u83b7\u5f97\u6838\u9178\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5f3a\u9178\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6838\u78b1\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n
1889\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Richard Altmann\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6838\u9178\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed \uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86Nuclein\u3002<\/p>\n
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1938\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u963f\u65af\u7279\u4f2f\u91cc\u548cFlorence Bell\uff08\u540e\u6765\u6539\u540d\u4e3aFlorence Sawyer\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aDNA\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u56fe\u8c31\u3002<\/p>\n
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